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Application context

The treatment problem

Water reuse is not one water-quality target. Cooling, washing, irrigation, boiler makeup and process reuse can require very different control of solids, organics, hardness, salts and microorganisms.

The reuse endpoint should be defined before choosing the membrane train.

Important: A visually clear filtrate may still contain dissolved salts, organics or microorganisms relevant to the reuse purpose.

Possible treatment train

Build the process around the contaminants

Conceptual sequence only. Bench or pilot work, mass balance and specialist process design may be required.

Membrane role

Where different membrane technologies may fit

Each membrane has a distinct separation role. Dissolved contaminants and biological conversion may require other treatment processes.

Ceramic membrane

Particulate and colloid control in robust reuse pretreatment duties.

MBR

Biological treatment plus solids separation for suitable wastewater.

UF

Barrier filtration before reuse or RO in suitable applications.

RO

Reduction of dissolved salts and selected small contaminants.

Selection considerations

Information that changes the design

  • Specific reuse purpose and quality limit
  • Feed variability and upset scenarios
  • Residual organics and biological activity
  • Hardness, alkalinity, silica and metals
  • Turbidity, SDI and particulate load
  • Required recovery and water balance
  • Residuals and concentrate handling
  • Monitoring and disinfection plan

Relevant products

Products to review

Ceramic Flat Sheet Membrane

Review as a robust filtration or RO pretreatment step.

Review product →

Industrial RO Membrane

Review where dissolved-solids reduction is required.

Review product →

SEKO Tekna AKS Dosing Pumps

Review related chemical-dosing equipment for a defined conditioning duty.

Review product →

FAQ

Water reuse membrane FAQ

What is the best membrane for water reuse?

There is no universal best choice. Start with source-water data and the end-use specification.

Can membrane filtrate go directly to reuse?

Sometimes for limited reuse objectives, but disinfection or further treatment may be required.

How should recovery be selected?

Use a water balance plus scaling, fouling, concentrate and economics analysis.

Reuse selection path

Start with the source water and intended reuse

The same source water may require a different membrane train for cooling, washing, process reuse or higher-quality RO permeate.

Decision inputQuestion to answerRelated page
Suspended and colloidal materialWhat solids barrier and upstream treatment are required?Ceramic flat sheet membrane
Biodegradable organicsIs biological treatment with MBR appropriate?MBR membrane modules
Dissolved saltsDoes the reuse specification require RO after adequate pretreatment?Industrial RO membrane
Downstream RO riskHow will particles, scaling, organics, biology and oxidants be controlled?RO pretreatment selection
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